{
  "format": "entitymodeler",
  "format_version": 1,
  "source": "https://entitymodel.com",
  "name": "human_resources",
  "title": "Human Resources (HR)",
  "organization": "EntityModel.com examples",
  "description": "An HR model: employees with a reporting line, departments, jobs and positions, employment history, salaries, leave requests and performance reviews.",
  "version": "1.0",
  "author": "EntityModel.com",
  "status": "approved",
  "created_at": "2026-11-03T00:00:00.000Z",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T00:00:00.000Z",
  "entities": [
    {
      "name": "employee",
      "display_name": "Employee",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#3E6A8F",
      "description": "A person employed by the company. Managers are employees too.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "employee_id",
          "label": "Employee ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "1042"
        },
        {
          "name": "employee_number",
          "label": "Employee Number",
          "type": "STRING",
          "required": true,
          "unique": true,
          "description": "Number on the badge and payslip.",
          "example": "E-01042"
        },
        {
          "name": "full_name",
          "label": "Full Name",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "pii": true,
          "example": "Maria Gonzalez"
        },
        {
          "name": "work_email",
          "label": "Work Email",
          "type": "STRING",
          "required": true,
          "unique": true,
          "pii": true,
          "example": "maria.gonzalez@acme.example"
        },
        {
          "name": "date_of_birth",
          "label": "Date Of Birth",
          "type": "DATE",
          "pii": true,
          "example": "1988-05-21"
        },
        {
          "name": "hire_date",
          "label": "Hire Date",
          "type": "DATE",
          "required": true,
          "example": "2021-02-01"
        },
        {
          "name": "termination_date",
          "label": "Termination Date",
          "type": "DATE",
          "description": "Empty while employed."
        },
        {
          "name": "department_id",
          "label": "Department ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "30"
        },
        {
          "name": "position_id",
          "label": "Position ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "301"
        },
        {
          "name": "manager_id",
          "label": "Manager ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "description": "Direct manager; empty for the CEO.",
          "example": "1001"
        },
        {
          "name": "employment_type_code",
          "label": "Employment Type Code",
          "type": "REFERENCE_ENTITY",
          "reference": {
            "entity": "employment_type",
            "output_attribute": "type_code"
          },
          "required": true,
          "example": "FT"
        },
        {
          "name": "work_location_id",
          "label": "Work Location ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "2"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "People"
    },
    {
      "name": "department",
      "display_name": "Department",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#7A5C8E",
      "description": "An organizational unit, such as Finance or Engineering.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "department_id",
          "label": "Department ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "30"
        },
        {
          "name": "department_name",
          "label": "Department Name",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "Engineering"
        },
        {
          "name": "cost_center",
          "label": "Cost Center",
          "type": "STRING",
          "required": true,
          "example": "CC-3000"
        },
        {
          "name": "head_employee_id",
          "label": "Head Employee ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "description": "The department head.",
          "example": "1001"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "Organization"
    },
    {
      "name": "job",
      "display_name": "Job",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#1F6366",
      "description": "A job definition with a pay grade, such as Software Engineer II.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "job_id",
          "label": "Job ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "12"
        },
        {
          "name": "job_title",
          "label": "Job Title",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "Software Engineer II"
        },
        {
          "name": "job_family",
          "label": "Job Family",
          "type": "STRING",
          "example": "Engineering"
        },
        {
          "name": "pay_grade",
          "label": "Pay Grade",
          "type": "STRING",
          "required": true,
          "example": "G7"
        },
        {
          "name": "min_salary",
          "label": "Min Salary",
          "type": "DECIMAL",
          "precision": 12,
          "scale": 2,
          "description": "Salary band minimum.",
          "example": "95000.00"
        },
        {
          "name": "max_salary",
          "label": "Max Salary",
          "type": "DECIMAL",
          "precision": 12,
          "scale": 2,
          "description": "Salary band maximum.",
          "example": "135000.00"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "Organization"
    },
    {
      "name": "position",
      "display_name": "Position",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#9A4A10",
      "description": "A budgeted seat in a department for a job. A position can be vacant.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "position_id",
          "label": "Position ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "301"
        },
        {
          "name": "position_code",
          "label": "Position Code",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "unique": true,
          "example": "ENG-SE2-07"
        },
        {
          "name": "department_id",
          "label": "Department ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "30"
        },
        {
          "name": "job_id",
          "label": "Job ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "12"
        },
        {
          "name": "is_vacant",
          "label": "Is Vacant",
          "type": "BOOLEAN",
          "required": true,
          "example": "false"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "Organization"
    },
    {
      "name": "work_location",
      "display_name": "Work Location",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#4A4D52",
      "description": "An office or site where employees work.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "work_location_id",
          "label": "Work Location ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "2"
        },
        {
          "name": "location_name",
          "label": "Location Name",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "Austin office"
        },
        {
          "name": "city",
          "label": "City",
          "type": "STRING",
          "required": true,
          "example": "Austin"
        },
        {
          "name": "country_code",
          "label": "Country Code",
          "type": "REFERENCE_ENTITY",
          "reference": {
            "entity": "country",
            "output_attribute": "country_code"
          },
          "required": true,
          "example": "US"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "Organization"
    },
    {
      "name": "employment_history",
      "display_name": "Employment History",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#2F5D73",
      "description": "Each position an employee has held, for promotions and transfers.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "history_id",
          "label": "History ID",
          "type": "BIGINT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "55012"
        },
        {
          "name": "employee_id",
          "label": "Employee ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "1042"
        },
        {
          "name": "position_id",
          "label": "Position ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "301"
        },
        {
          "name": "start_date",
          "label": "Start Date",
          "type": "DATE",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "2023-07-01"
        },
        {
          "name": "end_date",
          "label": "End Date",
          "type": "DATE",
          "description": "Empty for the current position."
        },
        {
          "name": "change_reason",
          "label": "Change Reason",
          "type": "STRING",
          "example": "Promotion"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "People"
    },
    {
      "name": "salary",
      "display_name": "Salary",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#5C7F9E",
      "description": "Base salary over time. Exactly one row per employee has no end date.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "salary_id",
          "label": "Salary ID",
          "type": "BIGINT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "88021"
        },
        {
          "name": "employee_id",
          "label": "Employee ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "1042"
        },
        {
          "name": "annual_amount",
          "label": "Annual Amount",
          "type": "DECIMAL",
          "precision": 12,
          "scale": 2,
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "pii": true,
          "example": "118000.00"
        },
        {
          "name": "currency_code",
          "label": "Currency Code",
          "type": "STRING",
          "required": true,
          "description": "ISO 4217 code.",
          "example": "USD"
        },
        {
          "name": "effective_from",
          "label": "Effective From",
          "type": "DATE",
          "required": true,
          "example": "2026-01-01"
        },
        {
          "name": "effective_to",
          "label": "Effective To",
          "type": "DATE"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "Compensation"
    },
    {
      "name": "leave_request",
      "display_name": "Leave Request",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#A12F18",
      "description": "A request for time off, approved by the employee's manager.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "leave_request_id",
          "label": "Leave Request ID",
          "type": "BIGINT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "40077"
        },
        {
          "name": "employee_id",
          "label": "Employee ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "1042"
        },
        {
          "name": "leave_type_code",
          "label": "Leave Type Code",
          "type": "REFERENCE_ENTITY",
          "reference": {
            "entity": "leave_type",
            "output_attribute": "type_code"
          },
          "required": true,
          "example": "VAC"
        },
        {
          "name": "start_date",
          "label": "Start Date",
          "type": "DATE",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "2026-12-22"
        },
        {
          "name": "end_date",
          "label": "End Date",
          "type": "DATE",
          "required": true,
          "example": "2026-12-31"
        },
        {
          "name": "status",
          "label": "Status",
          "type": "STRING",
          "required": true,
          "description": "Requested, approved, rejected or cancelled.",
          "example": "APPROVED"
        },
        {
          "name": "approver_id",
          "label": "Approver ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "description": "The manager who decided.",
          "example": "1001"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "Time off"
    },
    {
      "name": "performance_review",
      "display_name": "Performance Review",
      "entity_type": "standard",
      "color_code": "#3E6A8F",
      "description": "A periodic review of an employee by a reviewer.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "review_id",
          "label": "Review ID",
          "type": "BIGINT",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "7010"
        },
        {
          "name": "employee_id",
          "label": "Employee ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "1042"
        },
        {
          "name": "reviewer_id",
          "label": "Reviewer ID",
          "type": "INT",
          "required": true,
          "example": "1001"
        },
        {
          "name": "review_period",
          "label": "Review Period",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "2026-H1"
        },
        {
          "name": "rating",
          "label": "Rating",
          "type": "INT",
          "description": "1 (below) to 5 (exceptional).",
          "example": "4"
        },
        {
          "name": "comments",
          "label": "Comments",
          "type": "STRING",
          "pii": true
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "area": "People"
    },
    {
      "name": "employment_type",
      "display_name": "Employment Type",
      "entity_type": "reference",
      "color_code": "#4E7C8C",
      "description": "Kinds of employment contract.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "type_code",
          "label": "Type Code",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "FT"
        },
        {
          "name": "type_name",
          "label": "Type Name",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "Full-time"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "reference_values": [
        {
          "type_code": "FT",
          "type_name": "Full-time"
        },
        {
          "type_code": "PT",
          "type_name": "Part-time"
        },
        {
          "type_code": "CON",
          "type_name": "Contractor"
        },
        {
          "type_code": "INT",
          "type_name": "Intern"
        }
      ],
      "reference_values_source": "Example values"
    },
    {
      "name": "leave_type",
      "display_name": "Leave Type",
      "entity_type": "reference",
      "color_code": "#4E7C8C",
      "description": "Kinds of time off.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "type_code",
          "label": "Type Code",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "VAC"
        },
        {
          "name": "type_name",
          "label": "Type Name",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "example": "Vacation"
        },
        {
          "name": "is_paid",
          "label": "Is Paid",
          "type": "BOOLEAN",
          "required": true,
          "example": "true"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "reference_values": [
        {
          "type_code": "VAC",
          "type_name": "Vacation",
          "is_paid": "true"
        },
        {
          "type_code": "SICK",
          "type_name": "Sick leave",
          "is_paid": "true"
        },
        {
          "type_code": "PARENT",
          "type_name": "Parental leave",
          "is_paid": "true"
        },
        {
          "type_code": "UNPAID",
          "type_name": "Unpaid leave",
          "is_paid": "false"
        }
      ],
      "reference_values_source": "Example values"
    },
    {
      "name": "country",
      "display_name": "Country",
      "entity_type": "reference",
      "color_code": "#4E7C8C",
      "description": "Countries, identified by their ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code.",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "name": "country_code",
          "label": "Country Code",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_primary_key": true,
          "required": true,
          "description": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code.",
          "example": "US"
        },
        {
          "name": "country_name",
          "label": "Country Name",
          "type": "STRING",
          "is_label": true,
          "required": true,
          "description": "English short name.",
          "example": "United States"
        }
      ],
      "struct_types": [],
      "reference_values": [
        {
          "country_code": "US",
          "country_name": "United States"
        },
        {
          "country_code": "CA",
          "country_name": "Canada"
        },
        {
          "country_code": "GB",
          "country_name": "United Kingdom"
        },
        {
          "country_code": "DE",
          "country_name": "Germany"
        },
        {
          "country_code": "FR",
          "country_name": "France"
        },
        {
          "country_code": "AU",
          "country_name": "Australia"
        }
      ],
      "reference_values_source": "ISO 3166-1 (excerpt)"
    }
  ],
  "relationships": [
    {
      "name": "reports_to",
      "source": "employee",
      "target": "employee",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Reports To",
      "reverse_label": "Manages",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "The reporting line: each employee has at most one direct manager.",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "manager_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "member_of",
      "source": "employee",
      "target": "department",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Member Of",
      "reverse_label": "Has Member",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "department_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "holds",
      "source": "employee",
      "target": "position",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Holds",
      "reverse_label": "Held By",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "An employee's current position.",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "position_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "works_at",
      "source": "employee",
      "target": "work_location",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Works At",
      "reverse_label": "Site Of",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "work_location_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "headed_by",
      "source": "department",
      "target": "employee",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Headed By",
      "reverse_label": "Heads",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "head_employee_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "position_in",
      "source": "position",
      "target": "department",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "In",
      "reverse_label": "Has Position",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "department_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "position_of_job",
      "source": "position",
      "target": "job",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Of Job",
      "reverse_label": "Has Position",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "job_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "history_of",
      "source": "employment_history",
      "target": "employee",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "History Of",
      "reverse_label": "Has History",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "employee_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "history_position",
      "source": "employment_history",
      "target": "position",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "In Position",
      "reverse_label": "Held In",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "position_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "paid_to",
      "source": "salary",
      "target": "employee",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Paid To",
      "reverse_label": "Earns",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "employee_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "requested_by",
      "source": "leave_request",
      "target": "employee",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Requested By",
      "reverse_label": "Requests",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "employee_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "approved_by",
      "source": "leave_request",
      "target": "employee",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Approved By",
      "reverse_label": "Approves",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "approver_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "review_of",
      "source": "performance_review",
      "target": "employee",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Review Of",
      "reverse_label": "Reviewed In",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "employee_id"
    },
    {
      "name": "reviewed_by",
      "source": "performance_review",
      "target": "employee",
      "cardinality": "N:1",
      "forward_label": "Reviewed By",
      "reverse_label": "Reviews",
      "bidirectional": true,
      "description": "",
      "attributes": [],
      "foreign_key": "reviewer_id"
    }
  ],
  "hierarchies": [
    {
      "name": "reporting_line",
      "display_name": "Reporting Line",
      "root": "employee",
      "status": "approved",
      "max_depth": 10,
      "allow_multi_parent": false,
      "levels": [
        {
          "level": 2,
          "branches": [
            {
              "name": "Direct reports",
              "entity": "employee",
              "relationship": "reports_to",
              "direction": "forward",
              "parent_branch": "Root"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "areas": [],
  "notes": []
}